Thermostatic shutter controller



'7' Sheets-Sheet l H. T. BOOTH THERMOSTATIC SHUTTER CONTROLLER Jan. 18, 1949.

Filed Dec. 5. 1942 H. T. BOOTH THERMOSTATIC SHUTTER CONTROLLER Jan. 1s, 1949.

'7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Deo. 5. 1 942 Jan. 1s, 1949. H. T. Bom-H I 2,459,490

THERMOSTATIC SHUTTER CONTROLLER Filed Dec.. 5, 1942 I 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 @htm/ww Jan. 18, 1949. H, T, BQQTH 2,459,490

THERMOSTATIC SHUTTER CONTROLLER I Filed Dec. 5, 1942 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 Jan.` `18, 1.949. H; T BOOTH 2,459,490

THERMOSTATIC ,SHUTTER CONTROLLER Filed Dec. 5, 1942 '7 Sheets-Sheet 5 br L24 7 Q3 fidi Jan. 18, 1949. H. T. BOOTH THERMOSTATIC SHUT'VIER CONTROLLER '7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed Dec. 5. 1942 Jan. 18, 1949. H. T. BOOTH THERMOSTATIC SHUTTER CONTROLLER 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed- Dec. 5, 1942 nlrl; am. 3 N

Patented Jan. 18, 1949 t UNITED 'stares Param r ofFleFffloE THERMOSTATICfSHUTLllERiCQ/NIEROLIJER Harry T. ,'Booth,"Glencoe, Ill., assigner Lto 'United Aircraft T roducts, `Inc poration of *Ohio "Dayton, Unio, .a` cor- Application December 5, 1942, -SerialNo.A6fZ;993"

This invention relates toa thermostatic shutter controller, .particularly for .oil coolers `and conditioners in lubricationsystems of the .type lemployed` in connection with airplane engines.

As `in my application 4.for Thermostatic `controls for lubrication systems, led-July `29, '1942, Serial No. 452,763, now Patent No.,2,438,420,.dated December 3G, 1947, the present invention relates to airplane engine lubrication systems in which amain pressure pump is employed inthe oil .supplyconduit leading from an oil `supply tank yto theengine for supplyingthe lubricating oilunder pressureto the engine parts, and a scavenge pumprforreturning the oil through a cooling..and conditioning device to the oil supply tank.

`Substantially .all modern aviation .engines in `which cooling of` the Voil is required, now employ a cooler inserted in thereturn linethroughwhich the scavenged-oil is forced `under pressure Ibyea pump, andsuch systems `are also provided with pressure relief valves `to apreventbursting of the pipelines due to congealingvof thefoil.

However, as set forth in my .application, i=e ierred to above, sudden changes inconditions, `excessive speeds Ias in -bomb .diving .and -other airplane operations lin accordance -with `present .practicos, `the .provision of such `pressure reliefs inthe `cooling system is @inadequate to take lcaraof the abrupt changes, and-even[freezingofthe-oil. :In accordance with said application provision ,is

kmade Afor such changes byathermostaticcontrol of valve mechanism aheadof .thecooler inthe oil circulating system.

The present invention resides in .providing a .thermostatically controlled valve .and `shutter operator `connected in `the oil .return line beyond the cooler and its Warmeup jacket .whichoperates in accordance with thetemperature .of .the .oil returned to the oil tank, `and which operates to control the flow of oil through these heat exchange devices, and the shutter in accordance with the condition of the oil leaving these heat exchange devices as will be particularly defined hereinafter.

` More particularly `this ,invention resides .-in .the

combination of a thermostatically` controlled `statically controlled `valve and shutter `control l "lubrication 2 mechanism vwhich .although normally `.inactive functions 'independently o'f the .thermostat 'in ithe event of acongealed cooler. 1n operationthese various .elements cooperate .-in .enacting `qthe control ,oi' ,the .retin-,n.of the .lubricating .oil .to the foil tank .at .the .proper temperature This .invention .has for an object 1to.provide such .a thermostatic .shutter control device .incorporating numerous .improved .featuresowhereby=the-construction may be `simplified,Lrnacie.more compact 1and fwith less exposedoperating parts and yet be fully responsive in operation `incarryine. out .the .reouired-unctions .in such anfoiltcirculating.lubricationsystem.` M

.Further obiectsland" advantages V.of the .invention ,will appear. in the course ofthe .ollowingfde tailed .description `of .the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings formingvaipart of this speciiication.

In the drawings:

Figure l 4is ia ldiagram of "an Aairplane engine system. employing `a thermostatic shutter Acontroller --in accordance "with the present invention.

Figure `2 lis a"base plan 'View of an 'assembled controller in accordancewith this `invention.

'Figures 3 and 4 arerespectively 'left ,and right fend vievvs yof vthe controller *illustrated iniFigure "2.

Figure sa sectional viewtakensubstantially Figure 15Ais airagmentary sectional viewiillus- -trating parts shown in Figure `5 :in Hanother op `erated position. i

Figure 6k is a Vsectional IView 'taken substantially lFigure 7 `-isA arsectional view taken `substantially Figure 4/8 *is a sectional -view "taken substantially engine T0, which receives .oilvdrawn from ,an oil tank lLby meansoi a main l.pressure .pump 42, in the oil supply conduit l'3, which pump .forces the4 oil under ,pressure through vthe `various ,parts of theengine. The-oil thencollects in the .sump of ,the `engine and 'is drawn .therefrom .by ,a scavenge pump M. and .returned under '.pressure through the return ,conduit L5 .to .the .oil tank.

`In .accordance .tviththe present invention, re-

turn conduit I5 includes an oil cooler I6; the oil being directly conducted thereto and to a warmup jacket I8 of the cooler so that the iiow of oil from the scavenge pump splits, part going through the oil cooler and part through the warm-up jacket depending on the temperature and conditions ofthe o il in the cooler. A thermostatic control valve and shutter operating mechanism I1, to be described, is connected with the outlets of the cooler and cooler warm-up jacket and in turn has its outlet connected with the return conduit I5, for conducting conditioned oil to the oil supply tank II. This control valve I1 controls the passage of oil through the cooler and its warm-up jacket and the air passage through the cooler so that after leaving same the temperature of the oil is substantially that of the oil in oil tank II, and as supplied to engine by the main pressure pump I2.` Thus this control valve I1 determines the conditioning of the oil to bring it tothe required temperature for proper lubrication of the engine.

In regulating the temperature of the oil in its passage through the heat transfer apparatus, the control valve mechanism as stated also operates a shutter I9, for controlling the passage of air through oil cooler I6. The shutter is closed when the temperature is lower than the predetermined low value and is gradually opened as the temperature of the oil exceeds a given value until the shutter is wide open, when a predetermined high temperature of the oil is reached.

Further the control for the lubrication system includes other cooler protective elements incorporated therein and to be described in connection l with a satisfactory embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 2 to 9 inclusive of the drawings. The controller` The several mechanical parts of the controller as vshown in Figures 2, 3 and 4, are incorporated in a single unit; the thermostatic valve controller v1 to 9'as showing structure in true elevation or cross section. Additionally, and for a clearer" understanding of the functional relationship. of the parts reference may be had to Fig. 10 which is a diagram showing the several parts of the controller and the ow passages thereof sche- `matically as if developed into a single plane.

.As best shown in Figures 5 and 6, inlets 23 and 24 lead to chambers 21 and 26 respectively, having a communicating port and valve seat 21a which is controlled by a thermostatic control` valve 28 mounted in the housing so as to extend longitudinally in chamber 21 for cooperation with Valve port 21a. The outlet 25 communicates with chamber 21 containing the thermostatic control valve 28.

Housing is provided with an enlarged piston cylinder 29 (best shown in Figure 5) in which a power operating piston 30, is adapted to be reciprocated for variably regulating the position of the .cooler shutters I9, from open to closed position.` in response to thermostatic control valve 28 v and is controlled by the actuation of a selector control valve 3|. This selector control valve operates in a cylindrical valve chamber 32 extending coaxially with respect to thermostatic control valve 28 and is directly controlledthereby. Along side piston cylinder 29 is a longitudinal cylinder 33k for a valve piston 34 (Figure 9) which functions asa congealed cooler safety pressure relief. Housing 20 Vis also formed with ports and conduits communicating with the various valve and operating cylinders and chambers for conducting iiuid thereto under pressure by the scavenge pump, and the end members 2| and 22 are vformed to provide mountings and chambers for operating elements and their interconnections as will be defined in connection with the following detailed description of the various operating mechanisms.

Thermostatic control valve Thermostatic control valve 28, as shown in Figures 5 and 6 and which functions as the main control for the lubrication system is of the iluid expanding type containing fluid of such character that it develops a large increase of pressure as the temperature increases whereby its axial length increases after the temperature reaches a given point, and thence continues to increase as the temperature increases. Its increments 'of expansion and contraction are lineal with precision well within tolerance limits as required for the successful operation of an airplaneengine lubricating system. Being positioned in a return passageway to the oil tank, iin chamber 26, receiving the oil from the heat exchange apparatus (the cooler and warm-up jacket) as it enters and comingles in chamber 26, it operates directly in response to the temperature of the oil being returned to the oil tank, and thence to the engine.

As shown, thermostatic control valve 28 has one end` secured in a threaded plug 35 which is received in a cooperating threaded opening in the end of chamberr 21. This provides a mounting for the-thermostatic control valve whereby it extends axially in the direction of the valve port 21a and so that its opposite end 35 comprising a valve element will cooperate with valve port 21a and will operate on a push rod 38 in accordance with the oil temperature. This valve element 36 as shown is mounted on a valve cage 39 extending overthe main thermostat element 28a including a spring 28o which yields under excessive fluid pressures, and which cage is arranged to be guided by the plug element into which its opposite end extends. As in application Serial No. 452,763 the thermostat may be arranged for longitudinal adjustment for operating its valve element 36 for proper cooperation with valve seat 21a and push rod 38 in accordance with the required temperature range. Such a longitudinal adjustment for the thermostat although not shown in the drawings, is preferably of the type shown in my copending application referred to herein.

Thermostatic control valve 28, as stated, responds to the oil'temperatures with accuracy and with suioient power for operating the Valve element 36, for proportioning the iiow of oil through the coolerandits warm-up jacket but the variations of thermostat and power thereof are .insufcient to be directly utilized for operating the shutter control equipment. However, since the scavenge pump delivers the oil into the return conduit and this control equipment-for the heat rexchange apparatus under considerable pressure,

which of course varies under Varying operating Shutter control In the temperature control of heat exchange systems, since the heat dissipationfrom a fluid may be controlled either by governing the rate of i'low of the fluid through the cooler, or by the rate` of now of air through the cooler, or both, adjustment of the shutter for the coolers for controlling the air flow is desirable if not essential. From the pure heat transmission standpoint controlling eitherfluid in a heat exchanger is suflicient, but as `applicable in lubrication systems, particularly for airplane engines, unless the airflow is controlled, congealing of the oil may occur, causing failure of the system. Thus if only one control may be utilized, it is preferable to control the air flow.

Accordingly, as shown in Figure 1, shutter I9, which may be positionedat either the inlet, or preferably, at the outlet of cooler I 6, as shown, is arranged to be adjusted for controlling the air now. This shutter may be preferably of the Venetian blind type, the slats of the shutter being rotated at 90 to the 'air flow axis for complete restriction of the air and parallel to the axis for minimum restriction. This rotation is accomplished by means of a bell crank linkage 40 con nected to a piston shaft 48, on which piston 30 is mounted in operating cylinder 29. Movement of the shutter is effected by the movement of piston 30, incylinder 29, in response to theiiow of fluid and difierencesof the fluid `pressures in cylinder 29 on opposite 'sides of thepiston 30 as directly controlled by selector valve 3|.

Operating cylinder The operating cylinder 29 is provided withrestricted inlet ports 49 (Fig. 9) at each end, fluid under pressure from the scavenge `pump through the heat exchange apparatus being supplied thereto from chamber 25, through strainer 50, to

conduit 5i V(F'igures'i and 9). Grooves 52, in the end plates 2| and 22 (Figures 3 and 4) provide fluid inlets from conduit 5I, and orifice restrictions 49, to opposite ends of cylinder 29, also outlets therefrom to conduits 53 and 54, leading to ports 55, and 56, respectively in a piston 59- of selector valvel 3|, Ports 55 and =56 occupy longitudinally spaced positions along `the piston 59 and establish communication between the interior of the pistonandrespective peripheral' a bearing therefor.

Thus the oilunder pressure is-supplied toop'-` poslte ends of the operating cylinder 29, and by varyingr the pressures in cylinder 29, on the opposite side of piston 30, by the flow of the fluid therefrom in response to operations of selector control valve 3|, `piston 30 is moved in the cylinder to vary the angle of the slats of shutterv I9,

If the pressure in the left end is reduced by allow-` ing ow of oil from cylinder 29, through conduit 53, and-port 55, of selector valve 3|; port 56, being closed, pressure increases relatively in the right end of "cylinder `29, by the restricted flow of oil through orifice 49 in conduit 5I, leading thereto, and `piston 30, with its rod 4B, moves to the left until port 55, of selector valve 3|, is again closed. Movementiofthe piston to the right is similarly effected by opening of port 55, of selector valve 3|, and the'closing of port 55.

This change in the ratio of the pressure on the opposite sides of piston 36, produced by outlet flow of fluid from one end or the other of cylin` der 295, thus varies the movements of this piston and is effected in direct response of conditions of the selector valve 3|, Which is controlled by thermostat 3d.

Referring particularly to Figure 5, it will be noted that in-a satisfactory construction of the operating cylinder, piston 3G, has a ring groove 3D', `invvhicha suitable type of two-Way piston ringlia. is mounted for `corurreiation With the wall of cylinder 29. A pin 30h, passes through one of the `extending piston collars 33o, to retain the pis ton on its shaft 48, which extends through both ends of cylinder 29`.` A suitable shaft packing element 5`|` is provided in right end element 2|, as oil sealing means and the left end of this shaft 48, is housed in a projecting sealing tube 4I threaded ontoa nipple extension 42 projecting from end member with a bushing element 43 as This left end of shaft 48 cooperates with the operating elements of the selector valve 3I as will be described, while the right end thereof is connected Withlinlrage 4d, for con trolling the `opening and closing of shutter I9, as

: indicated in Figure l.

Piston 30 on shaft d" is reciprccable within cylinder 29, its stroke being limited by the ends of the piston collar elements 3ilc which function as limit stops for piston 30, at each end of its stroke. These collar' elements 30C are of such an acljusted length that piston shaft 43 will move shutter I9in one direction sothat its slats are wide open, `and in the other direction to swing the slats througheo" to tneirelosed position. At the same time these stops are also `control limits for operation of the elements actuated by shaft 48, of this operating cylinder at its other end. These piston collar stop elements also limit the movements of piston"30 somewhat `Within the limits of corresponding movements of adjustments of the thermostat and corresponding movements of elements of the selector valve 3| at the ends of its stroke `and thereby assure an application of power to piston 3U at the ends of its stroke as will be referred to hereinafter.

Selector valve Asleeve-piston member 59 so as to afford communi andere cation with the conduits 53 and 54 for all positions of the selector valve as determined by thermostatically |controlled valve 28. y

The primary function of this'selector valve i to follow the movements of thermostatically controlled valve 28 and effect corresponding power movements of piston 3D, of an increased magnitude under fluid pressure in the main operating cylinder` by controlling the pressures oncpposite sides of piston 38, by allowing iiuidfloww from either one end or the other of cylinder 29, when such movements of the piston are required, `as determined by variation of the thermostat.

As illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, selector valve 3| comprises the cylinder 32 in which the cylindrical piston 59 is adapted to be moved in accordance with movement of piston 30, `by means of linkage mechanism 60 cooperating with piston shaft 48, in a manner so that a proportionate movement of piston 38, and its shaft 48, are

transferred to a floating positioning pin or push rod 6l. It is to be observed that the arrangement of linkage 60, as will be hereinafterv de scribed, is such as to provide a proportionate movement by this mechanism and floating pin arrangement which is exactly equal to the lineal expansion of the thermostat, when piston A is in a balanced position in operating cylinder 29, neglecting at this time any slippage due to load.

Push rod 6| extending into selector valve cylinder A 32 engages a cap 62, secured to the end of piston 59 and transfers the proportionate motion to this piston.

Inside piston 59, is another piston 63, whose motion is controlled by push rod 38, one end of which rests against cap 64, integrally secured to the end of piston 63, and the other end of which rests against the valve element 36 of thermostatic control valve 28. Push rod 38 is supported in a close-iitting central aperture through a plug 38a threaded into the end of cylinder 32 lproviding a substantial iiuid seal between the cylinder and chamber 26. A spring 65 cooperating with the two pistons 59 and 63 tends to separate outer piston 59, and inner piston 63 in a manner to maintain contact between the various elements, i. e., thermostatic valve 23, push rod 38, piston cap 64 of piston 63, spring 65, piston cap 62 of piston 59, push rod 6|, linkage mechanism 60 and shutter piston shaft 48 (except for protective action hereinafter set forth) i As stated, high pressure oil is conducted through passageways restricted by ports 49 (Fig, 9) to the ends of operating cylinder 29, and from these ends through conduits 53, and 54, to ports 55, and 56, respectively in selector valve outer piston 59. The ports and 56 are in continuous communication with the conduits 53 and 54 by reason of the intermediate elongated grooves 55a and 56a.

Inner piston 63, has three outer grooves 6B, .61, 68, through which |ports are drilled to the inside of piston 63. Grooves 66, and 6l, are so spaced that the distance between their outer edges is slightly less than the minimum distance between the sides of |ports 55, and 56, in piston 59, and the distance between inner edges of grooves 66, and 6l, is slightly greater than the diameter of ports 55. Groove 68, is so located that when ports 55 are covered by the piston cylinder wall between grooves 66, and 61, port 56 is open to groove 68.

Outer piston 59, has its cap 62, drilled to provide a plurality of apertures 69|, to permit free passage of oil to an outlet 1U (Fig. 6), which communicates witha fluid conduit 13 conveying the Oil to the outlet,25` where it mingles'with thev oil passing.

the thermostat control valve 28.4

Inner piston cap `64, has an orifceport 6)` affording communicationl Vbetween the interior of piston 63, and a chamber l2,` at thefend ofvalve chamber 32, which port permits a restricted ow therethrough as determined by the pressuradif.- ierential across thisoriiice, and lunder normal preoperation permits equalizing of thel pressures.v

@practical and ,highly ,satisfactory construc-f v tion of linkage mechanismSU, foroperatingpush rod 6i, by operating ,cylinder lshaft 48 is prefer,-` abiy of the construction shown in Figures 5 and 5a the latter of which` illustrates the cooperation ofthe parts when `shaft 48is moved partly` to the ment 22 is provided with a chamber 'i6 into which the other end of rod l5 projects and anexterior cean out `openingin axial alignmenttherevvith is sealed by means of a plug 11. 4Push rod 6l also extends into this chamber, projecting through an apertured guide disk 'i8V and the ends of these two4 rods 6l and 15 engage a rocking lever element4 i9 mounted on a pivot80 in chamber 16,, This lever mechanism -ai'ords a proportionate move` ment of outer piston element 59`v `of selector valve, 3l Vin accordancewith 4a factorof the movement of the piston 30 for following the lineal expansion cf thermostatic control valve 28.

This ratio of-movement `of selector valve 3|to the movement of piston 30` may be otherwise varied,.by changing the relationship of the levers, employing athermostat having a greater orlesser degree of expansion, or otherwise amplifyingthe movement of the thermostat element.`

In the voperation of the selector valve 3|it will be noted that the Walls of pistons 63 and 59, operate as slide valves. When thermostatic valve 28. i." heated so as to eiect a -movement of p'uslirodV 38 (to the left) piston `63, is moved therewith so` that ports 55, andgroove 66 are lined up. This permits oil to escape from the left end of operating :cylinder 29, the outlet from the` right end being blocked. Due to this iiow of oil therefrom, the pressure in the left end of cylinde1y29 is re, duced and the greater pressure in the right end and flow ofV oil under pressure `ther,eto thro ugh the inlet conduit restricted by its inlet orice 49, piston 30,-isinoved to the left accordingly. :As piston 30, and its shaft 48, are moved tothe left, lever mechanismv 60, and push rod* 6|, `are moved permitting piston 59 to slidelto'theleft. This motion continues until the left outlet 55 closes, at which time the flow of oil from the left end of operating cylinder 29 is stopped and the pressure on the two sides of pistonu 30, are balanced and piston 30, is thus retained in the position in accordance `with the position ofl theselector valve 3l in its cylinder. When the oil temperature drops,l thermostatic control valve 28 contracts andra lsimilar reverse operation of selector valve 3l, takes place, i. e., when thermostat contracts, 4push rod 3 8, and piston valve 63, follow it moving to thea-ight so that groove 6l,iand`port 56, are lined up and port 55, is` blocked, thus allowing a flowof Athe oil `from the 4right end of'operating cylinder29, and creating anincrease in the pres*n sure inthe left endof the cylinder to Amove'piston 30, and its shaft 48, to the right until pushrodl,

move'sz'outer piston 59, far enough tot-hewleft to' again: close]v port 56,` at which time the oil flow ceases, and the pressures on opposite sides of piston 30 are euualized` and piston 30, `and its shaft N.. are maintained in theposition corresponding with the position of the selector valve.

Thus it will be seen that the selector Valve mechanism. controls the iiuid flow from the ends of` operating cylinder 29, to determine the `position of the. operating cylinder piston 30, and its shaft 48. Operating cylinder 29, is of. considerable diameter so that relatively smallV differences of pressure on opposite sides of piston 30, will result in the creation of` sufiicient power for operating equipment, as may be required. Such differential pressures are variable according to the load and varying increments of movement of the selector valve piston members with respect to` each other. The maximum power of the operating; cylinder is dependent upon the ratio of the differential pressures of the oil passing the `cooler and its jacket into the chambers 21, and 2li` respectively thereby setting up diierentialpressures in the chambers on opposite sides of` Valve element 36 and` itslvalve` seat 21a. The speed of operation of piston 30, is dependent upon the rate of iiow through the inlet oriiice `at one end of the operating` cylinder, and is affected by the rate of ow fromi the other end of theV cylinder which is; restricted accordingly to the effective oriiice through the selector valve resulting from arnovement of one of" its piston valve elements with respect to the other. Therefore the maximum speed of operationof piston 3U, is dependent primarily upon` the size of the operatingcylinder inlet oriiice. Under normal operation, and the temperature control by the thermostat, the ratio of the inlet and variable outlet orifices is such as to; afford a slow movement of piston Sil-asthe oil temperature increases, or decreasesthe rate of movement being limited by the restricted iiuid outlet orifice in the selector valve due to a movement of one piston valve 'element `with respectto the other as effected by a slight temperature change, or slowly rising or falling temperature. When the selector valve is actuated so that a port in piston 59, is wide open into a, groove in piston 6.3, as may occur in some instances, ina sudden variation of temperature of theoil, this provides a substantially unrestricted outlet for the oil from one` end of operating cylinder 29, and a maximum piston` speed, movement is attained by the pressurein the opposite end, being limited only by the size of. the inlet orifice 49.

In practice, owing to` load, or varying. loads on the piston` in` the operating cylinder,` varying ratios of differential pressures on` opposite sides ofil piston 3-, may be required whichv results in a slippage requiring a relative displacement of the selector piston valve with` respect to` each other1 is: applied by the shutter and/ or other devices operated bythe operating cylinder.

Concealed cooler" protection A. condition which may arise,. and for which'a compensating provision, must be` made,I is` that of a. congealed. cooler..

Since, the coolen` core is,

always rulli of oil, and sinceat times there is, not

sufcient circulation therethrough to maintain a normal working temperature, it is possible for this contained oil to` cool oi to a temperature below its pour point, and even to freeze solid.

rllhe desired compensation then is to:

l. Apply as high a pressure diiierential acros the core as is practical, and i 2. Stopall the air flow through the core` until circulation. is established;

3. Make this compensation in` (l) and (2) independent of; the temperature of the thermostat.

4:. When a proper iiow has been` established through the cooler, remove compensation, putf ting the: control 'nach` to its normal responsiveness to the thermostat.

In carrying out these objectives, `it is to` be noted that since the pressurel differential across the cooler core depends upon both quantity of oil flow and its temperature, there is a very considerable variations ofipressure for normal operation. However, there is a maximum pressure which is not exceeded when conditions are normal. But for an abnormally low temperatureof the oil in the cooler,4 avery high pressure is developed even for no flow.

Under such conditions, the oil temperature through the warm-up jacket increases and the thermostat is operated tending to-close the ther.- mostatic control valve 218i and thereby increase the pressure both on the cooler and in thewarmfup jacket. This increasefin pressure is conveyed from chamber 26` through strainer 511th conduit 5i and this additional pressure isi also conveyed by a conduit 8l (Figure 9) to cylinder 33where it acts on valvel piston 34l for the congealedcooler safety pressure' relief. l

Inconstructionthis` piston 34 is provided with a stem 82 which is normally held in engagement with end element 2| by a compression` spring 83 `between the other. end of piston 34. andend element 22. In this position, piston v34 coversy a port 84 (Figures 8 and 9) communicating with chamber 'l2 at the endaof cylinder 3-2 of the selector controlvalvel..

Valve cylinder 33 has a down stream` vent port at its end comprising a slot 86 in end element 22 communicating with conduit 1.3 (Fig...3), and under normal pressure `operating conditions therein, valve `piston 34` covers a port 34.,` Valve piston 34 opens moving` to the left against the pressure of a spring l83,` when `the, pressure reaches a predetermined high `value (considerably above any normal pressure tolbe expected), and when this valve opens,` it permits high pressure `oil to iiowinto the` chamber 'l2 throughportll.

Since the only other outlet fromV this chamber 'l2 is the` small oriiice It in piston B3, a pressure difference is created. between the.` right and left sides of cap 64, of piston` 63.` If thislpressure difference times the effective piston area, exceeds the strength` of the spring 65, piston` `63 will: move to the left. This arrangementis suchv that if this motion continues groovesA E8 will communicate with port 5B, and port 55 willy be closed. Hence. as has been shown, the pressure to the-right of shutter or control cylinder piston 30becomes less than the pressure to the left andpiston 30, moves clear to the right. This results in a` completely closed shutter as long as the coolery pressure exceeds a predeterminedfamount.

When this protective relief valve iscsubjected to high pressure its piston 34 moves tothe lett, uncovering theport 84 which` causes `thesliiutter to close. iurther, as` stated, the thermostatlc through to the outlet by way of the warm-up jacket of the cooler.

Y Hence by the above described protective mechanism, the compensation desired is accomplished as follows:

l. The high pressure across the cooler created i" by the thermostatic control valve 28 in holding valve element 36 closed on the port valve seat 21a. 2.'The shutter is closed by the high pressure moving the center selector valve piston 63 to the,

extreme left.

1 3. The thermostatic control valve 28 is not in Contact with the selector valve during this period. 4. When the cooler pressure decreases to the point where the piston 34 in the protective relief valve rcylinder 33 covers the port 84, the center selector piston 63, moves back to the right until it again engages the thermostat push rod 38, and the spring 28bf in the thermostatic control valve moves the valve element 3S to its normal position, thus restoring all parts to their normal positions.v

It is to be understood that the form of the invention herein shown and described, is to be taken as but one example or illustrative thereof,

and that various changes in shape, size and ar- 'rangement or combination of parts may be resorted Without departing from the spirit of the linvention, as falls within the scope of the vfollowing claims.

What is claimed is: 1. A `controller for scavenged oil from an internal combustion engine which is returned to an oil reservoir under pressure, comprising, a

thermostatically controlled 'valve beyond the,

cooler and its warm-up jacket for controlling the proportion of oil iiow through a cooler and its by-pass warm-up jacket inthe returned flow to the reservoir, means for controlling the passage of air through the cooler, an operating 1cylinder having a piston therein for operating said air controlling means, means for operating said piston in the operating cylinder by the passage of the scavenged oil under pressure into opposite ends of the operating cylinder and controlling the ow of the oil therefrom, `said oil flow control means including a longitudinally movable selectorvvalvecomposed of two elements, a connection between one of `said selector valve elements and the operating 'cylinder piston whereby the twomernbers are proportionately' moved with respect to each other, means for moving the other member by movements of said thermostatically controlled'valve in accordance with the temperature of the scavenged oil as it is returned to the reservoir, and interacting lmeans between the two members of the selector valve'whereby the rst-named member will followthe movements of said second member in response to passage of oil therethrough from one end or the other of the operating cylinder.

2. In an oil temperature regulator orlike device, ay heatexchange section wherein oil and a uidycoolant pass in heat exchange relation', a

l "passage whereby the oil may flow in by-passing "relation to said heat exchange section, a valve 12 movable under the inuence 'of oil temperature to close and open said'passage respectively as the oil temperature increases and decreases, closure means movable to positions between open and closed for regulating the flow of coolant, control means for said' closure means including 'a part having -motion in a first sense in response to motion of said valve toward closed position to move said closure means toward open position and having motion in a second sense in response to movement of said valve toward open position Ito move sai'dclosure means toward closed position, and meansl forA moving said closure means toward closed position irrespective oi the position oi said valve inthe event of a rise in oil pressure due to congelation in said heat exchange section.

3.'In an oil temperature regulator or like delvice, a heat exchange section wherein oil and a fluid coolant Apass in heat exchange relationya passage whereby the oil may Flow in by-passing relation to said heat exchange section, a valve movable under the influence of oil temperature to close and open said passage respectively as the oil temperature increases and decreases, closure means movable to positions between open and closed for regulating the flow of coolant, control vmeans for said closure means including' `a parthaving motion in a rst sense to' initiate opening movement of said closure means 'and having motion in a second sense to -initiate closing movement of said closure means and vbeing capable of an overtravelin said first sense to a position initiating closing movement of said closure means, means causing said part to movein saidfrst sense in response to motion of said valve toward closed position and to move in said second sense in 'response to motion of said valve toward open position, "and means `for causing an overtravel yof said part in said first sense in response to a rise in oil pressure due to congelation in said heat exchange section.

4. 'In an oil temperature regulator or like de- `vice, a heat exchange section wherein oii and a fluid coolant pass in heat exchange relation, a passage whereby theoil may How in lay-passing relation to said heat exchange section, valve movable under the influence of oil temperature to close and open said passage respectively as the oil temperature increases and decreases, closurel means movable to positions between open and closed for regulating the iiow of coolant, control means'for said closure means including part operated by motion of said valve toward closed position in a direction to initiate movement of said closure means toward open position, saidvpart being capable of overtravel in said direction independently of said valve to a position initiating movement of said closure means toward closed position, and means for causing such overtravel of said part in response to a rise in oil pressure due to congelation in said hea exchange section. f

y5. A control unit for regulating the temperature modifying action of an oil cooler which iricludes by-pass `means and utilizes owing' air as a coolant, comprising a body having rst and second chambers therein respectively in communication with the outlets of said cooler and said cooler by-pass, a body outlet in communication with said rst chamber, a port connecting said chambers, athermostat inuenced by the temperature of Ithe oil` flowing from said cooler and said cooler by-pass to said body outlet, a valve acted upon by said thermostat to open andclose said port in response to variations in oil tempera- REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,228,765 Fekete June 5, 1917 1,318,069 Giesler Oct. 7, 1919 Number Number 14 Name Date Cole May 31, 1932 McCray June 13, 1933 Donaldson June 5, 1934 Kysor July 8, 1941 Worth Apr. 7, 1942 Ramsaur July 7, 1942 Andersen July 7, 1942 Chausson Aug. 4, 1942 Dykeman Nov. 10, 1942 Hannon Mar. 30, 1943 M01-mile June 15, 1943 Gill May 9, 1944 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Great Britain Apr. 14, 1925 Germany Dec. 5, 1922 Italy Dec. 7, 1939 Great Britain Mar. 19, 1937 Great Britain Aug. 13, 1941 

